ЕГЭ 2018 по английскому. Вариант 1
Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. (курсивом отмечено то, как будет написано в оригинале, здесь же вы сами должны послушать два раза, если послушаете больше, то можете считать ваш результат неправильным. Ответы вводить нужно в формы ввода — места на странице, в которых можно печатать.)
2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (
A Ricky’s songs are about the lives of famous people.
B The message in Ricky’s songs is difficult to understand.
C Ricky’s popularity is on the increase.
D Money is unimportant to Ricky.
E Ricky has followed the advice of some of his fans.
F Ricky thinks his fans are disappointed when they meet him.
G Ricky is anxious about his new album.
Соответствие диалогу
3
According to the narrator, nuclear power
1) is a solution to climate change.
2) is protected against climate change.
3) can be susceptible to climate change.
Ответ: .
4
Nuclear power plants are usually located
1) in the mountains.
2) near rivers, seas or oceans.
3) in the deserts.
Ответ: .
5
Nuclear power plants face the greatest danger from
1) hurricanes.
2) rising water temperatures.
3) flooding.
Ответ: .
6
During hurricanes,
1) preventive measures are always taken.
2) all doors in a nuclear plant should be left open.
3) safety equipment must be protected from flying debris.
Ответ: .
7
In the future, floods are going to become
1) quite rare.
2) rather infrequent.
3) more common.
Ответ: .
8
During the 2003 heat wave, the French government relaxed the environmental regulations
1) to keep up the supply of energy.
2) to increase the amount of electricity.
3) to reduce their power output.
Ответ: .
9
New nuclear reactors are likely
1) to be less vulnerable to climate change.
2) to be too expensive.
3) to have higher water requirements.
Ответ: .
Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ
10
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Necessary Components
2. Important Conclusion
3. Useful Advice
4. Significant Difference
5. Health Risks
6. Moderation Is the Key!
7. Diet and Exercise
8. Benefits of Good Nutrition
A. Developing healthy eating habits is simpler and easier than you might think. You will look and feel better if you make a habit of eating healthfully. You will have more energy and your immune system will be stronger. When you eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables you are lowering your risk of heart disease, cancers and many other serious health ailments. Healthy eating habits are your ticket to a healthier body and mind.
B. A four-week clinical trial that tested the new regimen found that overweight adults who consumed a high-protein, entirely vegan diet were able to lose about the same amount of weight as a comparison group of dieters on a high-carbohydrate, low-fat vegetarian dairy diet. But while those on the high-carbohydrate dairy diet experienced drops of 12 percent in their cholesterol, those on the high-protein vegan diet saw cholesterol reductions of 20 percent.
C. ‘The idea preyed on me for a long time. If the Atkins Diet looks good, and it’s got so much saturated fat and cholesterol in it, suppose we took that out and put vegetarian protein sources in, which may lower cholesterol,’ Dr. Jenkins said. ‘We know that nuts lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease, and soy is eaten in the Far East, where they don’t get much heart disease. So we put these foods together as protein and fat sources.’
D.
E. Earlier this year, a large study that compared different kinds of diets — including low-fat and low-carbohydrate plans — found that the method didn’t matter as long as people cut calories. That study also found that after two years, most people had regained at least some of the weight they had lost. Dr. Tuttle said that while different weight loss plans offer people different ‘tricks’ and strategies, ultimately, ‘It really comes down to calories in and calories out.’
F. When you think about nutrition, be aware of serving sizes. Many people will eat everything on their plate, regardless of how hungry they actually are. If you know you tend to clean your plate, make an effort to reduce your serving size. If you’re eating out or dining at a friend’s house, don’t be shy about asking for smaller portion sizes. Too much of any one food is a bad thing. There are no bad foods, just bad eating habits.
11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения,
Stonehenge is probably the most important prehistoric monument in Britain. The Stonehenge that we see today is the final stage A ____________. But first let us look back 5,000 years.
The first Stonehenge was a large earthwork or Henge, comprising a ditch, bank, and the Aubrey holes, all probably built around 3100 BC. The Aubrey holes are round pits in the chalk, about one metre wide and deep, B ____________. Excavations have revealed cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling, but the holes themselves were probably made not for the purpose of graves but as part of the religious ceremony. Shortly after this stage Stonehenge was abandoned, left untouched for over 1000 years.
The second and most dramatic stage of Stonehenge started around 2150 BC. Some 82 bluestones from south-west Wales were transported to the site. It is thought that these stones, some weighing 4 tonnes each, were dragged on rollers and sledges to the headwaters and then loaded onto rafts. This astonishing journey covered nearly 240 miles. Once at the site, these stones were set up in the centre C ____________.
The third stage of Stonehenge, about 2000 BC, saw the arrival of the Sarsen stones. The largest of the Sarsen stones weigh 50 tonnes and transportation by water would have been impossible D ____________. These stones were arranged in an outer circle with a continuous run of lintels. Inside the circle, five trilithons were placed in a horseshoe arrangement,
The final stage took place soon after 1500 BC F ____________. The original number of stones in the bluestone circle was probably around sixty. They have long since been removed or broken up. Some remain only as stumps below ground level.
- when the bluestones were rearranged in the horseshoe and circle that we see today
- to form an incomplete double circle
- which form a circle about 284 feet in diameter
- which were almost certainly brought from the Marlborough Downs
- so the stones could only have been moved using sledges and ropes
- whose remains we can still see today
- that was completed about 3,500 years ago
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
(Adapted from ‘It’s Just the Sun Rising’ by James Ross)
12
That morning the narrator was woken up by
1) the kids.
2) his sister.
3) nobody.
4) an alarm clock.
Ответ: .
13
The narrator considers himself to be an artist because
1) he can draw a straighter line and a truer circle.
2) he gets lots of messages from other people.
3) he can speak to people more truthfully.
4) he is able to convey his ideas better than other people.
Ответ: .
14
The narrator’s manner of painting
1) is similar to Monet’s.
2) is like Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s.
3) comes from Liechtenstein and Warhol.
4) is constantly changing.
Ответ: .
15
The narrator was encouraged to paint by
1) his mother.
2) his father.
3) his brother.
4) his friend Phil.
Ответ: .
16
The narrator doesn’t want to go to school because
1) he prefers to study on his own.
2) he doesn’t like some subjects.
3) he is bullied at school.
4) he is scared to go there.
Ответ: .
17
In paragraph 6 ‘I’m not thick’ means that the narrator is
1) healthy.
2) clever.
3) strong.
4) hard-working.
Ответ: .
18
Compared to the previous year, the narrator’s father
1) has much greyer hair.
2) has a happier smile.
3) is a bit fatter.
4) is much stronger.
Ответ: .
Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.
Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.
What Can Computers Do?
19
Computers and microchips part of our everyday lives.
BECOME
20
We read magazines which on computers, we buy things with the help of computers, we pay bills prepared by computers.
PRODUCE
21
Just а phone call involves the use of а sophisticated computer system.
MAKE
22
In the past, life without computers was much than it is today.
DIFFICULT
23
The first computers were able to multiply long numbers, but they do anything else.
NOT CAN
24
Nobody stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able to do almost all difficult jobs.
BELIEVE
25
What makes your computer such а miraculous device? It is а personal communicator that you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. And you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.
ENABLE
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.
A Challenge for Europe
26
Recently there has been a small in the number of people out of work in Europe.
REDUCE
27
However, is still the number one social problem facing the 15 member states of the European Union.
EMPLOY
28
Moreover, of opportunity between men and women is still an issue that politicians in many countries have not come to grips with.
EQUAL
29
In professions such as law and engineering women are still by their absence.
NOTICE
30
still discriminate against women in a number of ways even if their qualifications are the same as those of men.
EMPLOY
31
It would be a pity if the of the EU on an economic level were marred by failure in the vital area of social policy.
ACHIEVE
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Charity
A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for 32____. They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been 33____ and many animals are safe.
Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running 34____ time and hope. The biggest charity project in Russia is ‘Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.
There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing 35____ what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give. Besides meeting people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met people’s emotional needs as well.
A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to 36____ educational organizations. He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to 37____ more and more people to have access to 38____ facilities in these areas. A good example is the opening of ‘The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company ‘Microsoft’.
The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.
32
1) common
2) granted
3) usual
4) life
Ответ: .
33
1) recovered
2) healed
3) cared
4) cured
Ответ: .
34
1) with
2) out
3) of
4) out of
Ответ: .
35
1) first-hand
2) first-rate
3) first-time
4) first-ever
Ответ: .
36
1) unprofit
2) unprofitable
3) non-profit
4) non-profitable
Ответ: .
37
1) unable
2) enable
3) let
4) make
Ответ: .
38
1) visible
2) vigorous
3) vivid
4) vital
Ответ: .
Ваш результат: пока 0.
Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.
Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.
Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО
Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.
…and then there’s a rugby match on Saturday. If our team wins, we’ll be the champions of our school. Who knows?
And another thing. I have to do a project on technology for school. Could you tell me a few things about how you use technology in your life? You know, computers, mobiles, TV, that sort of things. And what about your relatives? How do they use technology in their everyday lives?
Anyway, I met Mark the other day and he said that…
Write back to Rob.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about rugby
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.
Comment on the following statement.
What is your opinion? Are computers going to replace printed books in the future?
Write 200 — 250 words.
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.
Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ
— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
lingust.ru
ЕГЭ 2018 по английскому. Вариант 3
Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A The Armoury is situated near the Kremlin.
B Originally the Kremlin was wooden.
C New walls and towers of red brick were built in the 15th century.
D The Trinity Gate leads to Red Square.
E The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the oldest in Moscow.
F The monument to Alexander Pushkin is not far from the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.
G You can watch ballets in the Maly Theatre.
Соответствие диалогу
Вы услышите интервью с автором детективных романов. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3
Which benefit of trees has not been mentioned by the speaker?
1) Protection from flooding.
2) Protection from the sun’s rays.
3) Protection from precipitation.
Ответ: .
4
The smell of pines in the forest is the result of trees releasing
1) oxygen.
2) carbon dioxide.
3) other gasses.
Ответ: .
5
Scientists want to study how
1) gasses are released by trees into the atmosphere.
2) organic compounds form tiny particles.
3) these particles influence the climate.
Ответ: .
6
Cloud droplets are unable to
1) absorb solar radiation.
2) reflect solar radiation.
3) scatter solar radiation.
Ответ: .
7
According to scientists, cloud droplets influence
1) the size of the cloud.
2) the colour of the cloud.
3) the movement of the cloud.
Ответ: .
8
The actual formation of the clouds is governed
1) only by the formation of cloud droplets.
2) primarily by the formation of cloud droplets.
3) by several different processes.
Ответ: .
9
A new way of addressing the problem of global warming is by reducing the amount of
1) greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
2) the sun’s radiation getting through the atmosphere.
3) the sun’s radiation reflected by the clouds.
Ответ: .
Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ
10
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Exotic Pets
2. Going Back in Time
3. Small Screen Addiction
4. Body Language
5. Massive Destruction
6. Buried Treasure
7. Reason for Extinction
8. Intelligent Enemies
A. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world’s largest telescope and it is taking scientists further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine, giving astronomers detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. One day, we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.
B. The latest development in the debate amongst scientists about what killed the prehistoric dinosaurs is the suggestion that acid rain was the cause. Some geologists suggest that a large meteor hitting the earth at 65 kilometres per second would have led to strongly acidic rain falling all over the world. This idea is fascinating but it would mean the dinosaurs would all have died within a very short time.
C. In 1948, a British farmer discovered an interesting lump of metal while ploughing his field. At first he thought the metal bits were parts of an old bed. Then more ‘parts of old beds’ turned up and the farmer took them to the local museum. ‘But these bits are priceless!’ exclaimed the keeper of the museum. ‘They are Iron Age jewellery and coins!’ Over the next 40 years, more and more items were found in the same field.
D. Rats may have had a bit of a hard time over the years but these days lots of people are forgetting about guinea-pigs and hamsters and are buying rats instead. Domestic rats aren’t the same as the ones that run around rubbish bins — they’re actually quite cute. They are very intelligent and can be trained like dogs. They come in different colours and — a big bonus — they will eat anything!
E. In Western cultures, people look each other in the eye during a conversation to show interest and trust, but in many Asian countries, it’s rude to look people in the eye, especially a superior such as a teacher. One of the most basic and powerful signals is when a person crosses his or her arms across the chest. This can indicate that a person is putting up an unconscious barrier between themselves and others.
F. Earthquakes happen all the time in all parts of the world but we don’t notice most of them because they are small. However, big earthquakes are really dangerous. They can make buildings fall down, set off landslides and do other deadly things. The highest death toll caused by an earthquake was in China in 1556, when at least 830,000 people died.
G. According to scientists, Americans watch more TV on average than any other nationality. In fact, many people, particularly children, sit for 35 hours or more per week glued to the box. What’s wrong with watching all that TV? Studies have linked it to everything from obesity to aggression in children not to mention that it puts your mind into a sort of sedated state. Habitual television watching, over long periods of time, has been known to cause depression, and anger.
11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for the best original full-length novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland. It aims to represent the greatest in contemporary literature and promotes the finest in fiction by rewarding the best book of the year. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, A ____________. However, it was better-known as simply the ‘Booker Prize’. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping ‘Booker’.
Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted B ____________. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize. Then it selects the people C ____________. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.
Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry. A writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions D ____________. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics E ____________. The influence of the prize is so great that the winner will almost certainly see the considerable sales increase, in addition to the £50,000 F ____________. In 1992, a Booker Russian Novel Prize was introduced.
- without any further interference from the prize sponsor
- so as to maintain the consistent quality of the prize
- who will judge the books
- so as to sell them
- which was the name of the company that sponsored it
- that comes with the prize
- they think should be included
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
‘Have you written a letter to the Froplinsons?’ asked Egbert.
‘No,’ said Janetta, with a note of tired defiance in her voice; ‘I’ve written eleven letters today expressing surprise and gratitude for sundry unmerited gifts, but I haven’t written to the Froplinsons yet.’
‘Someone will have to do it,’ said Egbert.
‘I don’t dispute the necessity, but I don’t think that someone should be me,’ said Janetta. ‘I wouldn’t mind writing a letter of angry recrimination or heartless satire to some suitable recipient. In fact, I should rather enjoy it, but I’ve come to the end of my capacity for expressing servile amiability. Eleven letters today and nine yesterday, all couched in the same strain of ecstatic thankfulness: really, you can’t expect me to sit down to another. There is such a thing as writing oneself out.’
‘I’ve written nearly as many,’ said Egbert, ‘and I’ve had my usual business correspondence to get through, too. Besides, I don’t know what it was that the Froplinsons sent us.’ ‘A William the Conqueror calendar,’ said Janetta, ‘with a quotation of one of his great thoughts for every day in the year.’
‘Impossible,’ said Egbert; ‘he didn’t have three hundred and sixty-five thoughts in the whole of his life, or, if he did, he kept them to himself.’
‘Well, it was William Wordsworth, then,’ said Janetta; ‘I know William came into it somewhere.’
‘That sounds more probable,’ said Egbert; ‘well, let’s collaborate on this letter and get it done. I’ll dictate, and you can scribble it down. ‘Dear Mrs. Froplinson, thank you and your husband so much for the very pretty calendar you sent us. It was very good of you to think of us.’ ’
‘You can’t possibly say that,’ said Janetta, laying down her pen. ‘We sent them something on the twenty-second,’ said Janetta, ‘so they simply had to think of us. There was no getting away from it.’
‘What did we send them?’ asked Egbert gloomily.
‘Bridge-markers,’ said Janetta, ‘in a cardboard case, with some inanity about ‘digging for fortune with a royal spade’ emblazoned on the cover. The moment I saw it in the shop I said to myself ‘Froplinsons’ and to the attendant ‘How much?’ When he said ‘Ninepence,’ I gave him their address, jabbed our card in, paid tenpence or elevenpence to cover the postage, and thanked heaven. With less sincerity and infinitely more trouble they eventually thanked me.’
‘The Froplinsons don’t play bridge,’ said Egbert.
‘One is not supposed to notice social deformities of that sort,’ said Janetta; ‘it wouldn’t be polite. Besides, what trouble did they take to find out whether we read Wordsworth with gladness? For all they knew or cared we might be frantically embedded in the belief that all poetry begins and ends with John Masefield, and it might infuriate or depress us to have a daily sample of Wordsworthian products flung at us.’
‘Well, let’s get on with the letter,’ said Egbert. ‘How clever of you to guess that Wordsworth is our favourite poet.’
Again Janetta laid down her pen.
‘Do you realise what that means?’ she asked; ‘a Wordsworth booklet next Christmas, and another calendar the Christmas after, with the same problem of having to write suitable letters of thankfulness. No, the best thing to do is to drop all further allusion to the calendar and switch off on to some other topic.’
‘But what other topic?’
‘Oh, something like this: ‘What do you think of the New Year Honours List? A friend of ours made such a clever remark when he read it.’ Then you can stick in any remark that comes into your head; it needn’t be clever. The Froplinsons won’t know whether it is or isn’t.’
‘We don’t even know on which side they are in politics,’ objected Egbert; ‘and anyhow you can’t suddenly dismiss the subject of the calendar. Surely there must be some intelligent remark that can be made about it.’
‘Well, we can’t think of one,’ said Janetta wearily; ‘the fact is, we’ve both written ourselves out.’
There was a long silence, the forlorn silence of those who are bereft of hope and have almost ceased to care. Then Egbert started from his seat with an air of resolution. The light of battle was in his eyes.
‘Let me come to the writing-table,’ he exclaimed; ‘I’m going to write to the editor of every enlightened and influential newspaper in the Kingdom, I’m going to suggest that there should be a sort of epistolary Truce of God during the festivities of Christmas and New Year. From the twenty-fourth of December to the third or fourth of January it shall be considered an offence against good sense and good feeling to write or expect any letter or communication that does not deal with the necessary events of the moment. Answers to invitations, arrangements about trains, renewal of club subscriptions, and, of course, all the ordinary everyday affairs of business, sickness, engaging new cooks, and so forth, these will be dealt with in the usual manner as something inevitable. But all the devastating accretions of correspondence, incident to the festive season, these should be swept away to give the season a chance of being really festive.’
‘But you would have to make some acknowledgment of presents received,’ objected Janetta; ‘otherwise people would never know whether they had arrived safely.’
‘Of course, I have thought of that,’ said Egbert; ‘every present that was sent off would be accompanied by a ticket bearing the date of dispatch and the signature of the sender, and some conventional hieroglyphic to show that it was intended to be a Christmas or New Year gift; there would be a counterfoil with space for the recipient’s name and the date of arrival, and all you would have to do would be to sign and date the counterfoil, add a conventional hieroglyphic indicating heartfelt thanks and gratified surprise, put the thing into an envelope and post it.’
‘It sounds delightfully simple,’ said Janetta wistfully, ‘but people would consider it too perfunctory.’
‘It is not a bit more perfunctory than the present system,’ said Egbert; ‘I have only the same conventional language of gratitude at my disposal with which to thank dear old Colonel Chuttle for his perfectly delicious Stilton, which we shall devour to the last morsel, and the Froplinsons for their calendar, which we shall never look at. So you see the present system of acknowledgment is just as perfunctory and conventional as the counterfoil business would be, only ten times more tiresome and brain-racking.’
‘Your plan would certainly bring the idea of a Happy Christmas a step nearer realisation,’ said Janetta. ‘Meanwhile, what am I to say to the Froplinsons?’
(Adapted from ‘Down Pens’ by H. H. Munro)
12
Egbert and Janetta were writing
1) application letters.
2) thank-you letters.
3) letters of recrimination.
4) letters of complaint.
Ответ: .
13
Egbert and Janetta didn’t want to write a letter to the Froplinsons because they
1) had both written themselves out.
2) didn’t like this couple.
3) didn’t know what the Froplinsons had sent them.
4) had a lot of work to do.
Ответ: .
14
Janetta liked her present to the Froplinsons because it was
1) expensive and useless.
2) cheap and useless.
3) expensive and useful.
4) cheap and useful.
Ответ: .
15
Janetta didn’t want to mention that Wordsworth was their favourite poet because
1) she actually didn’t like his poems.
2) her favourite poet was John Masefield.
3) the Froplinsons would send them new Wordsworth-related presents.
4) she didn’t want the Froplinsons to know the truth.
Ответ: .
16
Janetta considered the Froplisons to be
1) stupid.
2) clever.
3) kind.
4) mean.
Ответ: .
17
Egbert suggested that at Christmas people should
1) stop writing letters at all.
2) put off all the everyday affairs of business.
3) not make any acknowledgment of received presents.
4) send counterfoils instead of thank-you letters.
Ответ: .
18
Janetta considered a new system
1) absolutely impossible.
2) too perfunctory.
3) easy to implement.
4) totally unacceptable.
Ответ: .
Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.
Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.
Swimming Pools
19
The first heated swimming pool by Gaius Maecenas of Rome in the first century BC.
CON-
STRUCT
20
Swimming pools became popular in Britain in the beginning of the 19th century. By 1837, London authorities six indoor pools with diving boards.
BUILD
21
The surviving swimming club in the world is the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow. It is still an active club and continues to own its original Victorian building with a large pool.
OLD
22
After the start of modern Olympic Games in 1896, the popularity of swimming pools off. Nowadays there are lots of different swimming pools, both public and private.
TAKE
23
Most enjoy swimming and swimming pools with their wave-making machines, water slides and tropical vegetation are something unique for them.
CHILD
24
If they could, kids to spend their entire summer in the swimming pool.
CHOOSE
25
However, not everyone their own backyard pool.
HAVE
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.
Waste Management
26
Waste affects our environment — everything that surrounds us including the air, water, land, plants, and man-made things. We need a healthy environment for our own health and .
HAPPY
27
The waste we create has to be controlled to be sure that it does not harm our environment and our health.
CAREFUL
28
So waste management is very important.
EFFECT
29
Waste reduction and recycling have a wide range of environmental benefits and promote public awareness and personal for the waste we create.
RESPON-
SIBLE
30
The best place to start making a is our home. Learn how you can reduce, reuse, and recycle materials to decrease household waste.
DIFFER
31
If we recycle what we can’t use any more, we save resources because the materials replace some of the natural resources including water and energy, which we use to make new products.
RECYCLE
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Globalization and Communication Growth
The 21st century has 32____ in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the 33____ of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.
Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by 34____ and bounds because of globalization.
An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone 35____ of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These 36____ in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.
Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in 37____ time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high 38____ for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.
32
1) started
2) began
3) ushered
4) launched
Ответ: .
33
1) cause
2) impact
3) consequences
4) result
Ответ: .
34
1) bonds
2) gaps
3) jumps
4) leaps
Ответ: .
35
1) regardless
2) despite
3) notwithstanding
4) because
Ответ: .
36
1) breakbeats
2) breakdowns
3) breakouts
4) breakthroughs
Ответ: .
37
1) any
2) no
3) none of
4) some
Ответ: .
38
1) access
2) claim
3) demand
4) rise
Ответ: .
Ваш результат: пока 0.
Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.
Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.
Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО
Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jessica who writes:
… By the way, we are doing a project at college on the fashion industry in different countries. It would be nice if you could tell me what clothes are popular with teenagers in Russia. Do you have any special fashion for teens? What kind of clothes do you prefer? Why?
As for me, I bought a new dress yesterday …
Write a letter to Jessica.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her tastes in clothes
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.
Comment on the following statement.
Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just a day off.
What is your attitude to celebrations? Which way of celebrating holidays do you find more enjoyable?
Write 200 — 250 words.
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.
Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ
— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
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ЕГЭ 2018 ГОДА ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ. ЭССЕ (ЗАДАНИЕ 40)
В задании приводится некое утверждение. Вам нужно написать сочинение-рассуждение, в котором вы выражаете собственное мнение касательно данного утверждения (opinion essay).
НАПИСАНИЕ ЭССЕ В ЕГЭ 2018 ГОДА ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Эссе должно быть чётко структурировано и включать в себя следующие части (каждая начинается с нового абзаца):
- Вступление. Здесь вы должны обозначить проблему, указанную в задании. Важно перефразировать её, а не переписать слово в слово. Например, задание «In order to get a good adecation one should go abroad” можно переформулировать так: “Nowadays, the problem of studying abroad causes great argument and controversy”. Также следует дополнить этот тезис небольшим комментарием-пояснением. Закончить вступление можно риторическим вопросом.
- Выражение собственного мнения. В данном абзаце необходимо тезисно отразить ваше личное отношение к данной проблеме и подкрепить его 2-3 развернутыми аргументами. Важно, чтобы доводы были убедительными, ёмкими и логичными. Аргументы вводятся с помощью универсальных слов-связок и фраз.
- Выражение противоположного мнения. Третий абзац эссе должен содержать точку зрения оппонента. Этот тезис также необходимо подкрепить 1-2 аргументами. Важно, чтобы аргументов у оппонента было на 1 меньше (т.е., если во 2-м абзаце у вас три аргумента, в 3-м должно быть два), потому что наша цель – доказать собственную правоту.
- Несогласие с мнением оппонентов. Здесь следует опровергнуть мнение оппонента, выразить свое несогласие и подкрепить его 1-2 контраргументами. Помните, что вы приводите контраргументы к доводам оппонента, их количество должно быть одинаковым (2 аргумента оппонента = 2 ваших контраргумента).
- Заключение. Последний абзац должен содержать обобщенный вывод касательно обсуждаемого вопроса, который также дополняется комментарием. Можно использовать универсальную фразу, которая заставит читателя задуматься над проблемой.
План работы над заданием №40
I. Внимательно прочитайте фразу-стимул
II. 1 абзац: введение в проблему • Увидеть в задании 2 противоположных точки зрения • Перефразировать фразу • Написать 3 предложения 2 абзац: свое мнение • 2-3 аргумента 3 абзац: противоположное мнение • 1-2 аргумента 4 абзац: контраргументы • НЕ перечислять уже названные свои аргументы 5 абзац: заключение • Перефразировать 1 абзац
III. Соединить абзацы с помощью вводных слов.
IV. Посчитать количество слов.
V. Проверить орфографию и пунктуацию (обязательно выделить запятой вводные слова)
Ниже приведена таблица с образцами вводных слов и фраз.
СТРУКТУРА ЭССЕ В ЕГЭ 2018 ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
| Абзац | Предложение | Образец | ||||
| 1. Вступление (introduction)
| Обозначение проблемы | Nowadays, | the problem of … causes great argument and controversy. | |||
| In today’s world, | ||||||
| the issue of … is considered to be a matter of common concern/the main concern of … | ||||||
| Комментарий к проблеме | Some people believe that … while others think… | |||||
| On the one hand, … on the other hand … . | ||||||
| Риторический вопрос | Where is the truth? | |||||
| Who is right? | ||||||
| 2. Выражение собственного мнения | Тезис | In my opinion, … | ||||
| As for me, I believe that… | ||||||
| My personal view is that… | ||||||
| 1 аргумент | To begin with, | |||||
| To start with, | ||||||
| Firstly, | ||||||
| 2 аргумент | What is more, | |||||
| Furthermore, | ||||||
| Secondly, | ||||||
| 3 аргумент | Finally, | |||||
| Additionally, | ||||||
| Thirdly, | ||||||
| 3. Выражение противопо-ложного мнения | Тезис | However, there exists another point of view on this issue. | ||||
| Nevertheless, one can consider this problem from another angle. | ||||||
| 1 аргумент | First of all, | |||||
| The first thing to be considered is … | ||||||
| 2 аргумент | Another fact is that … | |||||
| Besides, | ||||||
| 4. Несогласие с мнением оппонентов | Тезис + 1-й контраргумент | Despite my respect for this opinion, I cannot share it because … | ||||
| Nevertheless, I cannot agree with this statement, because… | ||||||
| 2- й контраргумент | Moreover, one should not ignore the fact that… | |||||
| Finally, … | ||||||
| 5. Заключение | Вывод | In conclusion, | I would like to say that | the problem of… is still to be discussed. | ||
| Taking into consideration all mentioned above, | It is impotant to understand… | |||||
| Комментарий | As far as I am concerned, the point is to… | |||||
УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ ШАБЛОН ЭССЕ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Nowadays, the problem of … causes great argument and controversy. Some people believe that … while others think … . Who is right?
In my opinion, … . To begin with, … . What is more, … . Additionally,… .
However, there exists another point of view on this issue. First of all, … . Besides, … .
Despite my respect for this opinion, I cannot share it because… . … .
In conclusion, I would like to say that the problem of … is still to be discussed. As far as I am concerned, the point is to…
107 слов
Еще один шаблон:
Шаблон эссе-мнения (Opinion essay pattern)
Что можно написать в каждом абзаце (примерный шаблон):
1) The problem of _____(тема)______ has always aroused heated debates. Some people are convinced that ______(мнение, с которым вы согласны)_____. However, the others believe _____(мнение, с которым вы не согласны)______. Let us speculate what makes them think so.
2) I cannot but agree that ______(мнение, с которым вы согласны)_____. Firstly, _____(первый аргумент)______. Secondly, _____(второй аргумент)______. Thirdly, _____(третий аргумент)______.
3) Some opponents might argue that ______(мнение, с которым вы не согласны)______. They suggest that ______(первый аргумент оппонентов)______. Moreover, ______(второй аргумент оппонентов)______.
4) Nevertheless, I do not support the above mentioned ideas. One should take into account the fact that ______(разрушение аргументов оппонентов)______. Besides, ______(разрушение аргументов оппонентов)______.
5) All in all, ______(мнение, с которым вы согласны)______. Despite the arguments of various skeptics I am convinced that our ______(SOCIETY / PLANET / FAMILIES / CHILDREN / ENVIRONMENT / SENIORS / SOULS)______ need(s) ______(кратко мнение, с которым высогласны)______.
Таким образом мы уже имеем 76 слов, и они серьезно облегчают работу над эссе!
ОБРАЗЕЦ ГОТОВОГО ЭССЕ ЕГЭ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
- Comment on the following statement:
In order to get a good adecation one should go abroad.
What is your opinion? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:
− make an introduction (state the problem)
− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
− make a conclusion restating your position
Примеры готовых ЭССЕ:
Единый язык для всей планеты. За и против
No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind?
In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars.
Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language.
In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language.
Животные в зоопарке. Как вы к этому относитесь. Справедливо ли это
There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?
I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food. In addition, animals become very aggressive and unpredictable as they get older and often attack zoo keepers and other people.
However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals’ natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals. Actually, zoos do not teach us much because animals do not act the way they would in the wild. I think we can learn more about animals by watching wildlife programs on TV.
In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.
Запрещение машин в центрах больших городов. За или против
There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.
In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Finally, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks.
However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.
To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.
Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы
Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks.
Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.
It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.
To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.
Иностранные языки. Сейчас в школах изучают по 2-3 языка. За и против
Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously?
On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect. Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster.
On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words. Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.
In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one.
Интернет. За и против
We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time.
On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things. Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job.
On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties. Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyberterrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.
Клонирование. За и против
Recent advances in genetic biology have led us to quite a doubtful situation. People all over the world argue whether human cloning research should be controlled by the government as solving problems connected with human cloning is definitely not a piece of cake.
In my opinion, human cloning experiments are extremely dangerous because there are huge risks of abnormalities in human clones. Moreover, if clones have been made, they will obviously have serious psychological problems connected with their unusual birth. Finally, there is no doubt that human cloning will change our perception of what is the value of a human life as we might change from having children to manufacturing them.
However, scientists claim that human cloning could be very beneficial as therapeutic cloning could provide stem cells for regenerative medicine and tissues for transplantation. Besides, re-productive cloning will probably give parents who are both infertile an opportunity to have children. I am afraid that this technology is not safe enough to use on humans. It is also possible that clones will age quicker since the cell used in the cloning procedure has already been used in a real life individual.
To sum up, we must question whether human cloning is really worth it when weighed against the problems it raises. From my point of view, human reproductive cloning should be under the tight control of the government and the UN because it is dangerous to interfere with nature and the consequences can be really disastrous.
Книги или компьютеры. Кто победит в будущем
The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books?
In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts.
On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.
To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.
Компьютерные игры. За и против
People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time.
As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment. To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events. Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting.
Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health. They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.
To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.
Космос. За и против исследований в космосе
Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world.
On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology. As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves. What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth.
On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are. It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands. Finally, a travel to space can be dangerous as we may discover something that is extremely harmful for the living beings on Earth.
To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.
241 words
ПРАВИЛА НАПИСАНИЯ ЭССЕ В ЕГЭ
- Считайте слова
Обязательно нужно уложиться в заданный объём: 200-250 слов (допускается отклонение на 10% в обе стороны, т.е. 180-275 слов). Если в эссе ≤179 слов, то за задание ставится 0 баллов. Если ≥276 слов, то проверяются только первые 250 слов. Помните, что 1 слово – это всё, что находится между двумя пробелами. Дефисы (-), и апострофы (’) не являются пробелами, поэтому слова из разряда world’s, open-minded, UK, считаются за одно слово. Тренируйтесь писать письма на экзаменационных бланках – так вы научитесь на глазок определять количество слов и будете меньше тратить времени на их подсчёт.
- Пишите в официальном стиле
Нельзя использовать сокращения (только полные формы I am, cannot), а также начинать предложения с неформальных слов-связок well, also, but). Используйте безличные формы глагола (one should). Богатый словарный запас и разноообразие грамматических и синтаксических конструкций демонстрирует высокий уровень знания английского языка.
- Правильно рассчитайте время
На выполнение этого задания выделите себе 40 минут: 20 минут на черновик, 15 мин. на чистовик и 5 мин. на подсчёт слов и проверку. Обязательно проверьте эссе перед сдачей!
Верьте в себя, и всё получится! Удачи на экзаменах!
kseniagoncharova.ru
Я решу ЕГЭ : Тесты ЕГЭ по английскому языку в 2018
ЕГЭ по английскому языку – экзамен, который не входит в перечень обязательных, но популярность иностранных языков растет с каждым днем. Есть вероятность, что дисциплина будет введена в качестве обязательной, поэтому стоит уделять английскому языку особое внимание в процессе школьного обучения. Единый государственный экзамен – итоговое испытание для всех школьников, в процессе которого проверяют уровень компетентности испытуемого в ряде дисциплин. Но для подготовки к ЕГЭ по иностранным языкам мало знаний, требуется умение применять их на практике, работать над заданиями разных типов и уровней сложности, воспринимать речь на слух, читать, писать, отлично знать грамматику. Дополнительные факторы успеха – умение рационально распределять время на решение разных заданий и крепкая нервная система.
В 2018 году английский язык сдавали в 2 этапа – письменную и устную части. Навыки и знания в письме проверяли в один день, остальные задания – в другой.
Письмо проверяется заданиями на грамматику, лексику, аудированием, чтением. Всего 40 заданий, на которые выделяется 180 минут. Максимальное количество баллов – 80.
Устная часть не является обязательной для экзаменуемых – она дает еще 20 баллов. Рекомендуется не отказываться от возможности получить дополнительные баллы, которые могут пригодиться при поступлении. На этот этап испытания дают 15 минут, за которые нужно выполнить 4 задания. Если устная часть провалена, баллы за письмо не страдают.
- Аудирование – задания, которые проверяют умение учеников воспринимать речь на слух. Испытуемым предлагают несколько фрагментов на английском языке, которые необходимо прослушать и ответить на предложенные вопросы. Фрагменты включают 2 раза. Темы разнообразные, в рамках программы: погода, репортажи, записи передач и другие. Чтобы ответить правильно, важно понимать услышанное! Также при прослушивании рекомендуется внимательно слушать фоновые звуки. Для подготовки к этому этапу, чаще слушайте английскую речь – поможет просмотр фильмов, передач.
- Чтение: предлагается текст, который нужно успешно воспринять, понять смысл и ответить на вопросы. В идеале – понятными должны быть около 95-97% слов. Подготовка очень простая – больше читать на английском и учить новые слова.
- Грамматика – наиболее легкий вариант по формату. Нужно вставлять пропущенные слова, исправлять ошибки, менять форму слов, согласно правилам. Подготовка требует повторения грамматики.
- Письмо: требуется написать сочинение на заданную тему. Это может быть объявление, письмо, эссе. Требуется не только грамотность, но и соблюдение правильной структуры текста.
cknow.ru
Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2018
20.10.2016- ЕГЭ по английскому языку
Здравствуйте дорогие читатели моего блога! 🙂
Сегодня мы с вами подробно разберём задания устной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2018.
Содержание статьи:
В 2015 году в ЕГЭ по английскому добавили обязательную для выполнения часть – говорение. Это стало проблемой для большинства людей сдающих экзамен, так как говорить на языке – без должной подготовки и практики достаточно сложно. Более того, вам придётся не просто говорить, а сравнивать картинки, описывать их, аргументировать свое мнение. Тематика картинок при этом может быть разнообразна. Это по-настоящему испытание для вас, дорогие друзья.
Давайте рассмотрим из чего состоит устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому 2018.
Итак, всего 4 задания. Вы садитесь за компьютер и экзаменационная комиссия запускает систему, это делается при помощи специального кода.
Экзаменатор посадил вас за компьютер, ввел ваш секретный код и программа запускается. Вам необходимо надеть наушники, внимательно слушать инструкции программы, и записывать свой голос.
ВНИМАНИЕ! Перезаписать свой ответ будет невозможно, в конце испытания вы можете лишь прослушать свой ответ.
Будьте очень внимательны и сосредоточены, так как рядом с вами будут также сидеть другие люди и также как и вы отвечать на устные задания. Вы можете услышать их ответы, поэтому максимально сконцентрируйтесь, программа также позволяет вам включить классическую музыку на фоне пока вы будете выполнять задания.
Первое задание устной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку
Первое задание — это чтение текста вслух.
Вам дается полторы минуты, которые отсчитываются на дисплее, чтобы вы могли молча прочитать текст, просматривая сложные слова и вспоминая их.
Очень важно максимально соблюдать правила чтения, выдерживать паузы, и читать чётко и внятно, у вас есть также полторы минуты,чтобы записать свой голос – ваше чтение текста. На экране будет также всё написано, просто выполняйте команды программы – волноваться не стоит.
Ниже представлен пример задания 1 устной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку:
Второе задание устной части ЕГЭ по английскому
Второе задание состоит в том, чтобы задать 5 прямых вопрос по объявлению.
Прямые вопросы это — это вопросы имеющие простой вопросительный порядок, а значит не нужно использовать дополнительные слова для введения в вопросе.
Например:
Прямой вопрос (Direct question):
How much does this bag cost? Или What is the price of the bag?
Непрямой вопрос (Indirect question):
Could you tell me how much this bag costs?
Do you know what the price of the bag is?
Поэтому, отталкивайтесь от простого, как я советую всем и задавайте простые вопросы, которые подходили по смыслу.
А вот и пример задания с ответом:
И вот ответы на данное задание:
1) When does the course begin?
2) Where is the accommodation located?
3) Will I be sharing my flat with another person, or will I be living alone?
4) What sort of meals will you be provide
5) Are there any city activities that you organize for students?
Программа автоматически дает вам полторы минуты на раздумья, чтобы вы продумали конструкции вопросов и 20 секунд чтобы задать 1 вопрос, а потом автоматически после окончания 20 секунд вы переходите на следующий вопрос.
Третье задание устной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку
Данное задание состоит в том,что вы выбираете одно фото из трех и описываете это фото на протяжении двух минут (12-15 предложений), следуя плану, который будет перед вашими глазами:
Когда вы сделали это фото, кто или что на этом фото, что происходит на этом фото, почему вы сделали это фото и почему вы выбрали именно это фото для описания.
У вас есть полторы минуты, чтобы подумать перед тем как начнется запись вашего голоса.
А вот пример задания:
Помните,что нужно обязательно начать с фразы “I’ve chosen photo number…”, т.е «я выбрал(а) фото номер…
Используйте Present Continuous,чтобы описать что происходит на картинке, например:
Two girls are talking to each other.
А вот один из вариантов ответа на представленное задание ( это модель ответа):
I’ve chosen photo number two.
I took this photo when I was travelling through the English countryside last summer. It’s lovely, isn’t it?
It was a really warm sunny day, and we were driving through lots of little villages on the way to Oxford.
The couple in the photo live in the cottage in the picture. I don’t know their names, but I did talk to them for a few minutes. I asked them if I could take a photo and they said that was fine. They seemed to be very nice people. They’re taking care of their garden in the picture. They’re very proud of their garden — and I don’t blame them! They told me that they spends more than twenty hours a week gardening.
I took the photo because it’s a lovely scene with a beautiful English house and it shows people who really care about their environment. They love nature and they love things looking beautiful and so do I.
I suppose I decided to show this picture to you because it shows something different from the city life that we’re used to. England has lots of busy cities like London and Manchester, but one of the great things about the UK is the countryside and village life, and we sometimes forget that.
Старайтесь не волноваться и помните, что важно ответить на все вопросы по плану, который будет у вас перед глазами, и у вас будет только две минуты, чтобы записать свой ответ.
Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Четвёртое задание
Данное задание предполагает, что вы умеете описывать и сравнивать две картинки, уметь находить общее и различное в представленных картинках и владеть соответствующим материалом.
Вам следует высказаться на протяжении двух минут, и вы также имеете полторы минуты, чтобы подготовиться. Ваше высказывание по картинкам должно следовать стандартному плану:
1)дать краткую характеристику картинок (действие, место)
2)что общего между картинками (несколько аспектов)
3) чем отличаются картинки
4) какую картинку вы предпочитаете и почему.
А вот пример задания четвертой части устного экзамена:
Помните,что вы должны говорить без остановки, продолжительно и бегло, без пауз.
А вот пример ответа на данное задание (модель ответа) :
- «In the left picture I can see a woman working in an office. She’s dressed professionally and sitting at her desk in front of her computer. She seems to be quietly working on something, maybe a report for her boss or some kind of presentation for a project.
- In the right picture I can see a man working on a construction site, and it looks as if he’s building a house, or maybe he’s constructing an office building. He’s wearing a construction uniform with a safety hat and he’s got a tool in his hand.
- The pictures are similar because they show two people who are in a certain type of work situation, and both people in the pictures are adults.
- The pictures are different in a number of ways. The obvious difference is that the person on the left is a woman and the one on the right is a man. The woman is working indoors, and is sitting still. She’s mainly using her mind to do her work. The man is working outdoors and he’s using his hands and arms to do his work. He has to think about what he’s doing, obviously, but it’s simpler task mentally. Also, the type of work in the left picture is probably safer and less physically intense to do than in the right picture.
- I prefer the job in the left picture to the job on the right. I prefer using mental activity to do my work rather than doing something more physical, such as construction.
Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому является самой сложной, но если вы будете продолжать тренироваться на примерах, развивать навыки разговорной речи, то у вас непременно получится.
Все примеры заданий представленные в данной статье взяты из официального ресурса, который помогает готовиться к ЕГЭ:
Тесты для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку от издательства Macmillan, под редакцией Марии Вербицкой, Малколма Манна, Стива Тейлора-Ноулза.
Желаю успехов!
Ваша покорная слуга,
Анастасия Цимбалюк 🙂
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